The Shape and Size of the Promontory

A Natural Fortress by the Sea

The land on which Constantinople was built is known as a promontory—a piece of land that extends into the water. Although its actual shape is more like a trapezium (a four-sided figure with uneven sides), it is often described as a triangle. This is because the eastern side of the land is shorter than the others, giving it a triangular appearance.

The promontory stretches about four miles in length and varies in width from one to four miles. The ground is not flat. Instead, it is a mix of hills, ridges, valleys, and plains, which gave the ancient city a natural defense and a unique beauty Sofia City Tour.

The Hills of New Rome

A City Built on Seven Hills

The land rises to a height of about 250 feet at its tallest points. The higher parts are grouped into two main areas:

A large, isolated hill located at the southwestern corner of the promontory.

A long ridge that runs along the Golden Horn on the northern side.

This ridge is not continuous but is divided into six smaller hills by five cross-valleys. These valleys cut through the ridge, making each hill seem like a separate piece of high ground.

Because of this landscape, Constantinople, often called New Rome, proudly claimed to be built on seven hills, just like the original Rome beside the Tiber River in Italy. These seven hills became one of the most iconic symbols of the city.

Valleys and Waterways

The Lycus River and Surrounding Plains

Between the two high areas of the city lies a broad meadow, through which the Lycus River flows. This river crosses the promontory and empties into the Sea of Marmara on the southern side. This fertile valley was important for both water supply and city planning.

In addition to this meadow, there are also flat lands along the coastlines of the promontory and in the valleys between the northern hills. These areas were likely used for homes, gardens, and marketplaces in ancient times.

How the Hills Are Named

A Practical Numbering System

Most of the hills in Constantinople do not have individual names. Instead of using traditional names, historians and local guides usually number the hills from one to seven for easy reference. This system helps people understand where important buildings and landmarks were located in the ancient city.

A City Shaped by Nature and History

Constantinople’s natural landscape played a huge role in its strategic power, defensive strength, and architectural beauty. Built on hills, near rivers, and surrounded by water, it became one of the greatest cities of the ancient and medieval world. Its unique geography made it the perfect setting for emperors, armies, and empires to rise and fall.